Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)
Toggle: English / SpanishObstructive sleep apnea - Overview
Alternative Names
Sleep apnea - obstructive; Apnea - obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; Sleep-disordered breathing
Definition of Obstructive sleep apnea:
Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition in which a person has episodes of blocked breathing during sleep.
This article discusses obstructive sleep apnea in adults.
See also:
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
Normally, the muscles of the upper part of the throat help keep the airway open and allow air to flow into the lungs. Even though these muscles usually relax during sleep, the upper throat remains open enough to let air pass by.
However, some people have a narrower throat area. When the muscles in their upper throat relax during sleep, their airway may completely close. This prevents air from getting into the lungs. Loud snoring and labored breathing occur. During deep sleep, breathing can stop for a period of time (often more than 10 seconds). This is called apnea.
An apnea episode is followed by a sudden attempt to breathe, and a change to a lighter stage of sleep. The result is fragmented or interrupted sleep that is not restful. As a result, those with sleep apnea feel more drowsy or sleepy during the day, called excessive daytime drowsiness.
Older obese men seem to be at higher risk, although many people with obstructive sleep apnea are not obese. The following factors may also increase your risk for obstructive sleep apnea:
- Certain shapes of the palate and jaw
- Large tonsils and adenoids in children
- Large neck or collar size
- Large tongue
- Narrow airway
- Nasal obstruction
- Obesity
Drinking alcohol or using sedatives before sleep may make you more likely to have an episode of apnea.
- Reviewed last on: 8/21/2009
- Andrew Schriber, MD, FCCP, Specialist in Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Virtua Memorial Hospital, Mount Holly, New Jersey. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
References
Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. The Lancet. 2009;373:82-93.
Patel NP, Ahmed M, Rosen I. Split-night polysomnography. Chest. 2007 Nov;132(5):1664-71.
Basner RC. Continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2007 Apr 26;356(17):1751-8.
Patil SP, Schneider H, Schwartz AR, Smith PL. Adult obstructive sleep apnea: pathophysiology and diagnosis. Chest. 2007 Jul;132(1):325-37.
Darrow DH. Surgery for pediatric sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2007 Aug;40(4):855-75.
Related Articles
