• Highlights
• Introduction
• Causes
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Quick-Relief Medications
• Long-Term Relief Medications
• Other Treatments
• Managing Asthma
• Resources
• References

Asthma in children and adolescents

Description

An in-depth report on how asthma is diagnosed, treated, and managed in children and adolescents.

Highlights

Drug Warning

In 2007, the FDA requested the manufacturers of omalizumab (Xolair) to include a “boxed warning” emphasizing that this drug may cause a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Health care providers need to carefully observe patients for 2 hours after they receive an omalizumab injection. However, because an allergic reaction can occur up to 24 hours after the injection, patients need to know the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and how to self-administer emergency treatment. Omalizumab is approved for patients ages 12 and older who have moderate-to-severe asthma related to allergies.

Drug Approval

In 2006, budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort) was approved for patients age 12 years and older. Symbicort combines a corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-agonist into a single inhaler.

Inhaled Corticosteroids

• Inhaled corticosteroids may help reduce wheezing in young children with breathing problems, but they do not help prevent the development of asthma, according to several 2006 studies in the New England Journal of Medicine .
• Inhaled corticosteroids work better than a corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist combination or a leukotrine receptor antagonist drug in treating children with mild-to-moderate asthma, suggests a 2007 study in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology .

Long-Acting Beta2-Agonists

• Long-acting beta2-agonist drugs such as salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) and formoterol (Foradil Aerolizer) may worsen asthma symptom severity and increase the risk for asthma-related death, indicates a 2006 review in the Annals of Internal Medicine .
• Products that contain salmeterol and formoterol now have strengthened warning labels detailing these risks.

Childhood Asthma Statistics

Asthma death rates among children have largely declined since 1999 while doctors’ office visits for asthma treatment have more than doubled, indicates a recent report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

• Review Date: 3/26/2007
• Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.

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