• Highlights
• Introduction
• Symptoms
• Risk Factors
• Complications
• Vaccination
• Diagnosis
• Treatment for Chickenpox
• Treatment for an Acute Shingles Attack
• Treatment for Postherpetic Neuralgia
• Resources
• References

Shingles and chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus)

Description

An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of shingles and chicken pox.

Alternative Names

Chicken pox; Herpes zoster; Postherpatic neuralgia

Highlights

New Chickenpox Immunization Schedule

In 2007, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) updated the immunization schedule for the chickenpox vaccine. The CDC now recommends that children receive two doses of the vaccine. Children should receive:

• The first dose when they are 12 – 15 months old
• The second dose when they are 4 – 6 years old

If your child has been previously vaccinated, make sure that the pediatrician administers a second “catch-up” dose. It is clear that one dose of chickenpox vaccine does not provide complete protection against chickenpox. Adults who are at high risk of contracting chickenpox should also receive two doses of the chickenpox vaccine.

Shingles Vaccine

In 2006, the FDA approved the first shingles vaccine (Zostavax). The CDC now recommends that all adults with intact immune systems who are age 60 years and older receive this vaccine to help prevent herpes zoster (shingles). This includes adults who have previously had a shingles attack. Evidence indicates that Zostavax can help prevent the occurrence of shingles by about 50%. The vaccine can also help prevent the development of post-herpetic neuralgia (the nerve pain that can follow shingles) by 67%.

Scientists Identify Varicella-Mediating Protein

The varicella-zoster virus causes both chickenpox and shingles. After a chickenpox attack, the virus can lie dormant in the body for many years. Once reactivated, the virus quickly travels through nerve cells, causing rash and nerve pain. In 2006, scientists at the U.S. National Institutes of Health identified a specific protein that causes the virus to spread throughout cells in the body. Researchers hope that this important discovery may lead to new drug treatments for shingles.

Investigational Treatments for Postherpetic Neuralgia

Intravenous antiviral drug treatment, followed by oral antiviral drugs, may help reduce postherpetic neuralgia pain, according to a small study published in the Archives of Neurology .

• Review Date: 3/15/2007
• Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.

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